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microfiches 
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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filnning.  Featu-es  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 

□    Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged  / 


Couverture  endommag6e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculee 


n 

I      I    Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 
I      I    c  oloured  maps  /  Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material  / 
Relie  avec  d'autres  documents 


Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  edition  disponible 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  Use  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout6es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  etait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  6t6  film^es. 


/ 


Additional  comments  / 
Comr.ientaires  suppl6mentaires: 


Pagination  is 
La  pagination 


L'Institut  a  microfilme  le  meiHeur  exempiaire  qu  il  lui  a 
ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
piaire qui  sont  peut-etre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduile, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  ta  metho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiques  ci-dessous. 

Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I  ^\    Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagees 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 


I — ^  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 

I  l/l  Pages  d^color^es,  tachetees  ou  piquees 

I      I  Pages  detached  /  Pages  d^tachees 

I  Showthrough  /  Transparence 

I      I  Quality  of  pnnt  varies  / 


D 

D 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc..  ont  et6  filmees  a  nouveau  de  fapon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s"opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
Iilm6es  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


as  follows:  p.  [4111-424. 
est  comme  suit:  p.  [4111-424, 


D 


5v.' 


W^ 


This  ittm  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below  / 

Ce  documetft  est  film*  au  tauii  de  rMuction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 


10x 

14x 

18x 

22x 

26x 

30x 

v 

19« 

Ifiv 

20x 

24x 

28x 

32x 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

University  of  Toronto  Library 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grice  k  la 
g4n6rositA  de: 

Univsrtity  of  Toronto  Library 


The  images  appea'ing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  M  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soi;i,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  seic^  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^-  signifie  "A  SUiVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  loft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  carttts,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  hue 
filmis  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  difftrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m<kthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MKIOCOPV   RISOUITION   TiST  CHART 

(ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No.  2) 


1.0 


1.1 


1.25 


■  2.8       i 


2.5 


l;. 


1^ 

1 3.6 

1 40 


2.0 


i  1.8 


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r 


\|.rinU'(l  fr.,m  tlu-  Amm;i,  \N   I,„  !s\|  ,,i    I'mm..!...   ^    \..'N\\\IH    , 
Wlu.Ie  No.  i;.>,  (K-tulnr.  X..v  r-nl,.  r.  IVi  n.il..  r.  i.Mr.| 


X 


IV.— GREEK  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  THE  ROYAl. 

ONTARIO  MUSEUM.-r  i  ^   -, 

ICONCLUUEO    FROM    A.  J.   P.    XXXVIII    JII.)  — ' 

II.  Shrine  stele  of  brown  sandstone.  From  Egypt,  exact 
provenience  unknown.  Height.  0.402  m. ;  width,  0.342  ni. ; 
thickness,  0.032  m.  The  rectangular  plane  surface  bearing 
the  inscription  has  been  cut  into  the  stone  so  as  to  leave  at  the 
two  sides  and  across  the  top  as  it  were  a  frame  about  0.05  ni. 
in  width  and  about  0.0015  m.  in  relief.  Of  the  two  lower 
corners  the  right  lacks  the  frame  just  mentioned  and  the  left 
has  been  badlj  fractured.  The  inscription  consists  of  nine 
lines  of  crude  capitals  which  exhibit  an  uncial  tendency  and 
belong  apparently  )  the  first  or  second  century  a.  n.  The 
work  throughout  is  very  poor.  The  inscription  has  been 
marred  by  long  deep  diagonal  scr.'ifches. 

RAnOYC  OIKO 
AOMHCe   THN 

npocevxHN 

YneP  AYTOY 
5     KAI  THC  TYN 
AIKOC   KAI  T 
CON   TEKNCON 
U  *APMOYei 


Ilairoi)*  oi>co|8o>uyo«  Tyjv  j  irpoaivx<)r  \  virip  u'vrov  \  Kal  r^«  (y)uv  |- 

alKOS   Kul   t\w  TfKV<OV.    |     L     (  =   tTOVS )    8   (  =   4)     <t>ap^vft,    \     (  (  =7). 

As  we  kno-  nothing  of  the  circumstances  attending  the 
discovery  of  ihis  stone,  and  as  the  inscription  contains  no 
mention  of  the  name  of  a  god,  it  is  impossible  for  us  to  deter- 
mine whether  the  shrine,  or  oratory,  designated  by  the  stone 


412 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  an  individual  god  (  t  a 
group  of  gods;  nor  can  we  tell  whether  it  was  er  .  on 
private  property  or  was  one  of  a  number  of  simila.  shrines 
situated  in  a  large  sanctuary.  It  is  probably,  but  not  neces- 
sarily.  non-Christian  (see  note  on  oiVoSo/xiycre). 

Hawow:  An  uncommon  Egyptian  name  attested  in  Aeg. 
Urk.  aus  d.  K.  Mus.  zii  Berlin,  gr.  Urk..  I.  153,  5;  II,  468,  6; 
IV.  1067.  I.  and  perhaps  identical  with  Ha^oik  (Grenfell 
and  Hunt,  Amherst  Pap..  Gr.,  II,  ind.),  and  Haircovs  (e.  g.. 
Grenf..  Gr.  Pap.,  ist  ser..  29.  4;  Grenf.  and  H.,  2d  ser..  25.  4- 
35.  8). 

oUoS6firiiT€:  So  in  Bull,  de  corr.  hell.,  XXVI  (1902).  p.  448. 
No.  8;  avoiKoS6ixr}<T€v  (Breccia,  op.  cit..  7.  p.  51);  but  <fKoS6- 
livMty  (ib..  46.  p.  31 ).  Cf.  olKoS6p,r,aaf  in  Cagnat  and  Lafaye. 
Inscr.  Gr.  ad  res  Rom.  pertinentes.  III.  1127,  4;  1132,  5; 
"43-  3;  «n  the  ind.,  p.  674.  the  authors  add  "in  titulis  saepi.s- 
sume  ".  Mayser  (Gram.  d.  gr.  Pap.  aus  d.  Ptolemaerzeit)  notes 
three  occurrences  of  failure  to  augment  01-  to  m-  or  w-  in  the 
perfect  of  this  verb.     Instead  of  oUoSoiulv  we  generally  find 

voKiv,  e.   g..  inrip  ^aauMaarfs   Koi  ^a(TiA(iu«  Biik  /tcyaAwt  €  ....  tat 

'AAvir[os  TTji-]  irpotrevxriv  iiroUi  L  it'-  (ux^ip  (on  a  Jewish  shrine  stele 
from  Gabbary ;  Wilamowitz,  op.  cit.,  p.  1094).  The  verb  may 
even  be  entirely  wanting,  as  in  Strack,  Dynastie  d.  Ptol.,  No. 
167  (on  a  Jewish  stele  from  Athribis). 

1.  9 ;  {on  the  stone  ap,iears  as  £. 

Trans.:  Papous  erected  (this)  oratory  in  behalf  of  him- 
self and  of  his  wife  and  of  his  children.  Year  4.  Phar- 
mouthi  7. 

III.  Funerary  stele  of  white  marble.  From  Egypt,  exact 
provenience  unknown.  Length  0.272  m..  breadth  0.215  m  ■ 
thickness  0.029  m.  Large  portions  of  the  upper  left  hand 
corner  and  lower  right  hand  corner  have  been  broken  off. 
The  inscription  of  three  lines,  however,  is  intact.  It  consist.s 
of  shallowly  cut  capitals,  the  work  of  a  professional  hand, 
0.035  »".  in  height ;  they  incline  to  the  uncial  type.  G  being  an 
excellent  example.  Epigraphical  evidence  would  lead  us  to 
date  the  inscription  in  the  second  or  third  century  a.  n.  (cf. 
Larfeld,  Handb  d.  gr.  Epigr.,  II,  pp.  487-501). 


.KI.I.K   ISSi.  KIVI  lo\S  IS  dXllklO  MIM.CM         41^ 


iePA§ 

AnO  KAGOnATPIAOC 
L   NB  GY+YXI 


Ifpai  I  uTTO   KAcoTrarptSos.  I 


L      (   =    CToil'  )      f/J     { 


KiVi' 


'Upai:  A  very  common  [Egyptian  name;  cf.  Milne,  op.  al.. 
Hid.  of  personal  names,  s.  v.;  Fox.  Mummy-labels  in  the 
Royal  Ontario  Museum.  AJP.  xxxiv.  4.  pp.  449-50. 

•Itto  :  As  in  ihe  mummy-labels,  an  indication  of  nativity  or 
of  citizenship  (Fox.  op.  cit..  p.  442).  It  appear,  nmch  more 
rarely  on  tombstones ;  e.  g..  5o,W.  ra  6iydT,,p  'Avi>a  inc,  'Uavpia 
(sic)  (I.efebvre.  Reciieil  des  inscr.  jjr.  (i'\•.^.,  363). 

KAtojraTp.'So*  :  r     -o,,!  }  i,e  inclined  to  identify  this  place  with 

the  Cleopatris      •  ,    ,6.  4,  2^  :   ^ara  KA«o^arp.'8„  ri,^  npi,^  Ti, 

naXata    Sio.pxyc      ,  ;„   N«'Ao,..   and    1 7.  I.  2^,:   n\,,aiov  Si   ri/s 

■.\paiv6,,<i  ...««;;.  :'o7. arpU  iv  rui  ^'X"}-   rov  ' Xpafiiov  k^Kitov  t^ 

npo^  Atyvnroi-.      C  i.  1 7.  1,  25:  Kuri   ^6\iv  Wpan;;,,,    i}f  /no.  KA.o- 
TrarpiSa  KoAortri. 

If.  however,  KXtoirarpU  is  a  variant  of  KAfoTrarpu  (OGIS.  in. 
n.  8).  it  may  be  identical  with  KXiomiTpa  of  <  HilS.  i  n,  12.  cr 
mure  probably,  with  K^tondrpa  of  the  I  lermopolite  Nome.     In 
nine  papyri  the  name  of  the  latter  appears  spelt  in  full  (Mit- 
teis.  Gr.  Urk.  d.  I'apyrussamml.  zu  Leipzig.  US.7-S;  Preisigke 
(^.r.  Pap.  in  .StrassburR.  23.  13  a:  Th  Reinach.  i'ap.  jrr  ct  dem' 
rec,    en    !•>..     ,0;   ,4;  ,6;  ..i  ;  ....;    jy,   3,);    „vice  the   ab- 
breviation    KAcoTT     IS    counted    as    standin^r    for    this    name 
(Grenfell  and  Hunt.  Amherst   I'ap..  Gr..  11.  ijiy.^j-  \\  essely 
.Stud.  z.    Pal.    und    Papyrusk.,  Corp.   Pap.    Hermopol..  pt.   j. 
127  I-  I)  ;  the  ethnic  K\iowaTptv<:  is  once  recorded.     The  xpi,i^r, 
KXto7TaTp(t)lov  mentioned  in  the  Cat.  of  Pap.  in  Brit.  Mus 
III,  182.  is  hesitatingly  located  by  the  editor  in  Hermopolis. 

Ei\{'i;,x(t\;  A  spelling  commonly  found  on  Fgvptian  fune- 
rary steke.  as  Milne,  op.  cit.,  ^j22(^;  9250;  27552-  2756s  • 
27630;  Lofebvre.  op.  cit..  36.  For  l  ^  «  see  Mavser.  op.\i't.! 
pp.  87-88;  Fox,  op.  cit.,  p.  439. 

IV.  Stele  of  brown  sandstor-.  probably  superimposed  upon 
a  Imtel  and  perhaps  dedicatory  in  character.  From  Deir  el- 
Hahari  in  the  Thebaid.     A  regular  rectangle  0.295  m.  in  height 


414 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


0.39*'  m.  in  breadth,  .ind  o.o7~-o.i3  ni.  in  thickness.  All  four 
corners  have  suffered  from  abrasions.  The  stone  is  orna 
mented  with  an  incised  line  which  passes  about  the  rectangle 
three  or  four  cm.  from  the  edge  and  thus  forms  a  sort  of 
frame.  The  upper  third  of  the  space  within  the  frame  is  a 
plane  surface  bearing  a  Greek  inscription  of  two  lines.  The 
lower  two-thirds  is  a  sunken  rectangular  panel  adi  rned  with 
sacred  Christian  symbols  in  relief.  In  the  centre  is  a  variant 
of  the  Christus-symbol  +  in  which  the  Greek  cross,  two  or 
three  cm.  in  width,  is  presented  in  simple  outline;  the 
symbol  is  entirely  surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  palm  leaves. 
The  upper  part  of  the  space  at  the  left  of  the  wreath  is  occu- 
pied by  an  A,  and  the  lower  part  by  an  "  ankh  "  cross  or  crux 
aiisata  (  °  )  ;  the  corresponding  positions  at  the  right  are 
occupied  by  an  (0  and  another  crux  ansnta  whose  circle  was 
left  unfinished  by  the  stone-cutter.  The  workmanship  of  the 
sttine,  while  much  superior  to  that  of  our  other  inscriptions 
except  No.  I,  is  only  fair.  The  letters  of  the  text  are  about 
three  cm.  in  height  and  are  mixed  square  and  uncial.  All 
but  three  or  four  j.      ent  no  difificulties  in  reading. 


EIC  eEOC  0  BOH  .  ON 
TO)  AONACTHPiCO  AAHN 
Elf  Ota's  6  /iio?j[#]oi'  I  T-io(i)    ft.ova(TTyipi(i>(i). 


'Afiijv. 


El's ^orjOdv.  For  the  sl.  le  phrase,  its  significance  and 

spelling,  see  n.  on  \T.  On  the  wall  of  the  third  terrace  at 
Deir  el-Bahari  a  graffito  of  allied  nature  has  been  discovered : 
Et«  tfcos  6  (ioijOiov  v/i<oi'  (  =  j'lttMv)  (Lefebvre,  op.  cit.,  379;  Peer. 
Jour.  Hell.  Stud.,  XIX,  1899.  pp.  14-19)  followed  by  an  "  ankh  " 
crosL,  with  palms ;  also  one  at  Deir  el-Chohada  in  the  Convent 
of  the  Martyrs  (Lefebvre,  op.  cit.,  539)  ;  four  on  the  walls  of 
a  Coptic  monastery  near  Esnah  in  Southern  Egypt  (CIG.  IV, 
8946.  1-4)  ;  cf.  ill.,  9154  from  the  ruins  of  a  Syrian  monastery, 
and  Lefebvre,  op.  cit..  415,  on  the  funerary  stele  of  an  Egyp- 
tian monk. 

Tai(i)  ft.ovaaTr]pia){i)  :  The  dative  generally  follows  the  fore- 
going phrase,  but  often  the  genitive,  as  in  Lefebvre,  op.  cit., 
370,  quoted  in  the  previous  note.  A  close  parallel  is  furnished 
by  a  Syrian  inscription  which  my  former  colleague.  Professor 


GREEK  IXSCRIPTIOXS  /.Y  ONTARIO  MUSEUM.       415 


David  Magie.  brought  to  my  attention:  <i  Oo<>s  ror  uy|i']or 
Sc^yliov]  I  K(  Bayou,  ivKuiytaov  toi'  fnovrjar^vpiov).  This  inscrip- 
tion has  since  been  edited  in  I'ubl.  Trinceton  Archaeol.  Kxpcd. 
Syria.  Gr.  and  Lat.  ISS,  A.  where  it  appears  as  No.  722. 

'A/iv*-:  Exceedingly  common  in  Crum.  Cat.  gen.  des  ant.  eg. 
du  Mus.  du  Caire.  Coptic  Monuments,  and  in  Lefebvre,  op.  cit. 

The  symbols  of  the  lower  panel  are  of  prime  value  in  de- 
termining t!ie  age  of  this  inscription,  i.efebvre  states  (op. 
cit,  p.  xxxii)  that  inscriptions  bearing  A  and  n  may  possibly 
belong  to  the  fourth  century,  but  probably  belong  to  a  later 
one.  There  is  nothing  certain  in  regard  to  the  age  of  the 
Jgn  -f  except  that  it  is  younger  than  *  (and  %  ),  which  are 
apparently  to  be  assigned  to  the  fourth  century  (j).  xxxiv). 
The  indications  are,  therefore,  that  an  inscription  marked  by 
this  si^^n  originated  during  the  fifth  or  a  subsequent  century. 
The  crux  ansata  is  a  very  ancient  pre-Christian  symbol  found 
commonly  in  Egypt  and  other  oriental  lands.  It  was  early 
appropriated  by  the  Christians  along  with  its  pagan  meaning 
of  "  life  ".  None  of  the  many  attempts  to  explain  the  s .  mbol- 
ism  of  the  constituent  parts  can  be  regarded  as  conclusive 
(Seymour,  The  Cross  in  Tradition,  History  and  Art.  pp.  3-5; 
7;  16-17;  21;  188;  Zoeckler.  The  Cross  of  Christ,  pp.  2  flf.  [ 
•56;  379 ff-;  cf.  Flinders  Petrie,  PZg.  Decor.  Art,  p.  117). 

The  name  Deir  el-P>ahari  means  "The  Northern  Monas- 
tery ",  althoigh  at  present  no  mona  ery  exists  on  the  site. 
But  as  "  deir  "  may  be  applied  also  .0  a  place  where  such  a 
building  once  stood  (Somers  Clarke,  Christian  Ant.  in  the 
Nile  Valley,  p.  192),  it  is  quite  properly  used  in  this  instance, 
for  in  the  early  part  of  the  Christian  era  a  monastery  was 
erected  here  on  the  ruins  of  the  old  dynastic  temple  of  Hat- 
shepsut  (see  Naville,  Hall.  Currelly,  The  Xlth  Dynasty  Temple 
at  Deir  el-Bahari,  pt.  iii,  p.  20).  Hall  (ib..  p.  13)  without 
qualification  identifies  this  as  the  Coptic  monastery  of  St. 
Phoebammon.  Amelineau  (La  Geographic  de  I'Egypte  a 
I'epoque  copte.  p.  128),  on  the  other  hand,  merely  conjectures 
this  identification.  The  documentary  evidence  at  his  disposal 
seems  to  justify  his  conclusion  (cf.  Crum.  op.  cit..  8728-8741). 
H  it  is  correct,  this  old  monastery  sheltered  a  large  community 
of  monks,  for  we  are  told  that  it  had  a  superior  and  at  least 
one  steward,  and  perhaps   two.     It  enjoyed  marked  distinc- 


41^1 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


tion  in  the  surrounding  region  through  the  fame  of  it> 
p.tron  I'hoebammon.  bishop  of  Aousini  (Amelineau,  op.  cit.. 
p.  129).  How  late  the  building  stood  i-  not  recorded.  At  all 
events,  no  document  dating  later  than  the  eighth  century  has 
been  recovered  from  tlie  heaps  of  rubbish  thrown  out  by  the 
monks  (Naville.  Hall.  Currelly,  op.  cit.,  p.  2\).  Clarke  (op. 
cit.,  p.  i()0)  notes  that  some  remains  of  the  monastery  "  en- 
crusted "  the  temple  of  Hatshepsut  during  the  incumbency  of 
a  recent  director-general  of  antiquities,  and  holds  this  official 
responsible  for  their  destruction  and  for  failure  to  secure 
beforehand  plans  and  records  of  them. 

There  is  no  evidence  ofTered  by  the  chief  authorities  (I'utler, 
The  Ancient  Coptic  Churches  of  Egypt;  Clarke,  op.  cit..)  on 
Coptic  ecclesiastical  procedure  that  it  was  the  custom  to  lay  a 
stone  of  dedication  in  erectin^::  a  church  or  monastery.  Hut  in 
the  consecration  of  an  altar  three  dedicatory  stones  were 
Used,  each  bearing  the  name  of  one  of  the  three  patron  saints 
of  the  building  (Clarke,  op.  cit.,  p.  192  ).  The  stone  now  being 
edited  is  therefore  not  an  altar  stone,  and  we  are  probably 
safe  in  inferring  from  the  silence  of  the  authorities  that  it  is 
not  a  stone  of  dedit  ilion  of  the  building  as  a  whole.  The  fact 
(see  No.  \T.  n.)  that  in  Syria  the  phrase  tU  6(6i  (as  well  as 
its  amplifications)  appears  most  frequc:uiy  over  lintels  suggest.s 
that  this  stone  occupied  some  sucn  position  in  the  monastery 
of  Deir  el-Bahari.  A  funerary  stele  (I.efebvre.  op.  cit..  364; 
from  Thebes,  in  the  environs  of  which  our  inscription  origi- 
nated, is  constructed  in  the  form  of  the  portal  of  a  church 
and  is  inscribed  with  the  sacred  phrase.  The  association  of 
the  words  with  an  entrance  was  therefore  known  in  this  local- 
ity. It  is  not  improbable  that  a  lintel  thus  inscribed  had 
sotne  secondary  connection  with  the  dedication  of  a  building. 
The  dimensions  of  the  Toronto  stone  are  such  as  to  induce 
one  to  infer  that  it  was  incorporated  into  the  original  walls  of 
the  monastery  and  was  not  an  appli(|uc  of  later  date. 

No  conclusive  evidence  is  available  for  identifying  and 
dating  St.  Phoebamnion.  He  may  be  the  man  of  that  name 
mentioned  in  the  143rd  epistle  of  Synesius.  The  life  of  the 
latter  extended  from  about  370  to  415  .\.  n.  (Schneider.  De 
\'ita  Syn.  Philosophi  et  Episcopi.  diss..  Leipzig.  1876.  pp.  9. 
41  fF. ).     The  epistle  to  w'  '    1   we  have  alluded  was  written 


(;ri-.i:k  ixscript/oxs  i\  o.v/./avo  mis/jm. 


4'7 


•luritiK  llie  last  few  years  of  liis  life  and  at  lliat  time  I'liocli- 
ammon  '  was  still  lixiiij;.  Tlii>  <latc  api)ro\iniates  that  de- 
duced in  the  examination  of  the  chronolo};iial  ■■dilations  of 
the  symbols  on  the  stone.  An  object.  ,  :  ob  rvcd.  Iiearini; 
the  symbol  -P  can  scarcely  be  older  than  «'  .  fifth  centurv. 
This  stone  may  possibly  be  more  recent  in  its  orij;iii.  but  the 
fair  dejjree  of  excellence  in  the  execution  of  it<  adomnuius 
argues  against  such  a  supposition. 

\'.   Funerary  stele  of  limestone.     I'roni  l''j;ypt.  exact   pio- 
V  enience  unknown.     Height   0.573  "'  :  width  0.47  m. ;  thick- 
ness 0.077  n^.     The  stele  is  rectangular  and  on  it  ir-  represented 
a  <listyle  portico  with  an   angular  pedime;t  surmounted  by 
acroteria.     The  two  columns  have  the  so-called  papyrus  capi- 
tals.    The  entire  breadth  of  the  lower  part  of  the  area  between 
the  columns  is  occupied  by  a  coucli  on  which  a  male  figure  -s 
reclining  on  hir  left  side.     His  left  elbow  rests  on  two  cushit   > 
and  his  head  is  turned  so  O'^  {^  face  the  observer.     He  is  iia<' 
in  chiton  and  himation.  below  whi  -h  appeal   liis  ii"sandale(.' 
feet,     in  his   extended  right   hand  he  is  holding         vathus 
before  a  jackal.     The  a«'imal  ie     /ing  on  a  bracket  or  corbel 
projecting  from  the  background  and  faces  the   front.     The 
whole  work  is  in  moderately  high  relief.     The  nose  of  the  man 
and  that  of  the  jackal  have  been  badly  mutilated.     The  cya- 
thus.  originally  represented  in  relief  on  the  bracket,  has  almost 
entirely  vanished.     The  workmanship  throughout  is  very  crude. 
On  the  horizontal  panel  between  the  legs  of  the  couch  are 
-ketciied  in  roughly  incised  outline  four  domestic  utensils  of 
the  Roman  period.     Enumerating  from  right  to  left  these  are  : 
a  bowl   with   a  high  foot,  an  amphora  with  a  pointed  l)as' 
supported  on  a  tripod,  a  three-legged  pot  with  a  sparingly 
ornamented  I)ody,  and,  lastly,  another  bowl. 

Illustrations  and  descriptions  of  very  similar  monuments 
may  be  seen  in  Milne,  op.  cit.,  9258  (pi.  viii)  ;  9251  and  925^) 
(pi.  ix).  The  chief  variable  in  this  type  of  sculpture  is  the 
figure  of  the  jackal.  As  a  rule  it  rests  on  a  bracket  attached 
to  one  of  the  pillars.  Often  two  jackals  appear  one  on  each 
-idc  of  the  portico.     This  animal  had  an  important  religious 

'An  undated  Coptic  tombstone  (No.  10.  176.  401  in  the  Metr.  Mils.  ii. 
.\'t\v  York,  bears  the  name  •i>oi(tdii(fi)uv. 


4i8 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


significance  for  tlie  Egyptian,  who  believed  that  a  soul  on 
leaving  the  dead  body  had  to  pass  through  the  great  wilder- 
ness before  it  could  reach  the  oasis-kingdom  of  Osiris.  "  The 
jackal's  omniscience  as  to  where  any  dead  body  is  hidden,  his 
wail  in  the  night  as  if  for  lost  souls,  his  certainty  of  direction 
out  in  the  limitless,  trackless,  demonic  desert,  and  the  fact 
that  though  his  home  is  the  desert,  yet  he  is  never  far  from 
an  oasis,  made  this  animal  the  best  possible  symbol  of  a  guide 
for  the  dead."  (The  Sacred  Ibis  Cemetery  and  Jackal  Cata- 
combs at  Abydo,,  The  Nat.  Geog.  Magazine,  XXIV  (1913).  9, 
pp.  1 048- 1 050.) 

On  the  horizontal  panel  below  the  portico  is  an  inscription 
of  four  lines.  Only  the  first  two  are  at  all  difficult  to  read 
and  they  were  apparently  inscribed  after  the  last  two  which 
identify  the  remains  marked  by  the  stone.  At  all  events  they 
were  cut  by  another  and  less  skilful  hand.  In  view  of  this 
and  of  the  uncertainty  conveyed  by  the  is  (irmv)  as  to  the 
exact  age  of  the  defunct,  we  may  conclude:  either  that  his 
exact  age  was  unknown,  or  that,  in  the  daily  expectation  of 
his  death,  friends  prepared  and  inscribed  the  stone  with  all 
particulars  but  the  date  of  decease  Below  the  two  lines  of 
the  first  hand  are  scored  deep  guide-lines.  The  epigraphical 
indications  point  to  the  first  or  second  century  as  the  period 
to  which  this  monument  belongs.  The  letters  approximate  the 
uncial  of  the  manuscrijUs  more  nearly  than  those  of  No.  III. 

e      .      0  .    C     K 

X     0     I     A     K     ^« 

TTTOAAICON  eVANT  .  AOY   IM  .  .   I  0 

TTCOAHC  eVCeBHC  COC  LL  TTB 

'E[t]o[i)]«  k'  I  .  XotoK  Kt.  I  IlToAAtwi'  Eiai7 ( <] Aou 
(>|aT],o  I  7r<iAi;«,  fiVt/Sr/s.      w?  LL  {=iT<ov)  irfi  (=82). 

riToAAtW  :  An  Egyptian  name  recorded  in  a  few  places  only  : 
e.  g.,  Grenfell  and  Hunt,  Ox.  Pap..  I.  72;  137;  II,  274;  I\  , 
492;  Mitteis,  op.  cit.,  104  (OtoAiW)  ;  Cat.  of  dr.  Pap.  in  Brit. 
Mus..  II,  ind. ;  Aeg.  Urk..  gr.  Urk.,  I,  68  (nroAAeiW). 

Emi7fe]Aoii:  A  good  Greek  name  attested  as  early  as  the 
sixth  century  n.  r.   (see  Kirchner.  Pros.  Att..  and   Pape,  Gr. 


GREEK  IXSCRfPT/OXS  /.V  ONTARIO  MUSEUM.       419 


Eigenn.,  s.  v.).  This  origin  of  the  name  and  the  papan  syni- 
bohsm  of  the  monument  proves  that  the  use  of  the  name  here 
is  not  due  to  Christian  influences.  For  other  records  of  the 
name  in  Egypt  see  Aeg.  Urk..  gr.  Urk..  11.  Ill,  IV,  ind..  and 
Grenfell  and  Hunt.  Ox.  I'ap..  \I.  989,  where  the  correct  spell- 
ing is  observed  throughout.  Of  the  use  of  -vy-  for  -yy-  in 
cognate  words  abundant  parallels  are  to  be  had  by  consulting 
the  index  of  the  works  of  Prentice,  and  of  Cagnat  and  Lafaye, 
already  noted,  and  also  of  .\udollent.  Defixionum  Tabellae 
(Paris,  1904). 

t>|ar]i9jr(,'.A>;«:  So  in  a  mummy-label  in  Cairo  (Milne,  op. 
cit.,  931 1 ).  Whether  o  or  w  is  to  be  read  before  tt  is  not  clear 
on  the  stone. 

tiatPrff.     Cf.     Aoi'Tr<7r>iai»/    awpot    4>i.\dhiK<f>os    i{'aifiT)(<i) ,     'm- 

irwv  L  (sic)  kB',  <tovs  kP',  'A6vp  k^'  (Milne,  op.  cit..  9226). 

LL:  Usually  a  smgle  L  suffices  for  both  ctois  and  irm'. 

Trans.:  Year  20.  Choiak  25.  Ptollion  (son)  of  I-Aangelus, 
clothing  merchant,  (died)  in  the  faith  at  about  the  age  of 
eighty-two. 

VI.  Greek-Coptic  funerary  stele  of  limestone.  From  Egypt, 
exact  provenience  unknown,  but  probably  from  the  Fayum  to 
which  district  Lefebvre  (op.  cit..  p.  xxvii)  attributes  all  Chris- 
tian inscriptions  on  limestone.  Height.  0.337  "i- ;  width. 
0.266  m. ;  thickness,  0.046  m.  The  stele  is  a  perfect  rectangle 
except  for  the  loss  of  a  small  part  of  the  upper  right  hand 
corner.  A  cross  fieury  in  shallow  intaglio  outlines  almost 
covers  the  surface  of  the  stone  symmetrically.  The  bar  and 
pale  of  the  cross,  which  are  almost  uniformly  0.029  "'•  '•' 
width,  intersect  one  another  approximately  at  their  medial 
points.  A  semicircle  of  the  same  width  unites  the  ends  of  the 
bar  with  the  top  end  of  the  pale.  From  each  side  of  the 
semicircle  a  half-opened  leaf-bud  rises  towards  the  corner  of 
the  stone  nearest  to  it.  F>om  the  under  sides  of  the  semi- 
circle hang  two  fully-opened  vine  leaves  on  long  sinuous 
stems.  Below  the  bar  is  a  Greek-Coptic  inscription  of  three 
lines,  the  letters  of  which  show  marked  uncial  characteristics. 
Below  this  again  are  illegible  traces  of  another  inscription  of 
equal  length.  Inasmuch  as  the  text  now  legible  is  complete  in 
itself  it  seems  probable  that  the  stone  was  originally  erected 
to  mark  the  grave  of  some  other  personage  than  the  Petros 


420 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


noted  here,  and  that  this  man  or  his  friends  appropriated  the 
stone,  erased  the  original  legend,  and  inscrihed  the  present  one. 


e    I    c    e  . 

H    G  N     + 

TT  e   T  P  0  V 


0    C  0  B    0 

p  H  N  e  A 

e  T  0  V  A  A  B 


€TOVAAB. 


HNe    M    I    TTeTPOV 


Et« /3ot]6ov:  Cf.  No.  IV.     Et«  Oiot  either  alone  or 

with  fiovoi  or  o  fioTjOmv  is  very  common  in  the  Egyptian  compi- 
lations of  Crum  and  of  Lefebvre.  Prentice  (op.  cit.)  records 
it  often  in  Syrian  inscriptions  and  explains  (pp.  51  ff.)  that 
although  it  is  of  Jewish  origin  it  is  Christian  in  its  sphere  of 
usage.  It  seems  to  be  a  transcript  of  a  portion  of  Deut.  VI. 
4,  and  in  accordance  with  the  prescription  of  v.  9  of  the  same 
chapter  is  generally  found  inscribed  over  entrance  doors.  In 
Syria  the  formula  is  observed  tliroughoui  a  period  ranging 
from  326  to  537  A.  D. 

fiorfBov;  For  this  spelling  see  Crum  (op.  cit.)  and  Lefebvre 
(op.  cit.)  passim,  o  for  w  in  vulgar  inscriptions  from  Egypt 
is  one  of  the  commonest  faults  of  orthography  which  go  to 
make  up  "cet  amas  de  bizarreries  qui  s'expliquent  plus  par  le 
caprice  et  I'ignorance  individuelle.  que  par  les  lois  naturelles 
d'une  langue  en  voie  de  transformation"  (Lefebvre.  op.  cit 
p.  xxxviii).     Cf.  Mayser.  op.  cit.,  p.  98. 

-I-P  =  Xp(t<rTds)  :  The  loop  of  thep  has  disappeared  through 
a  chipping  off  of  the  stone,  but  the  reading  is  made  certain  by 
comparing  it  with  the  very  similar  text  of  an  unpublished 
(JreekCoptic  inscription  CNo.  10.  176.24)  in  the  Metropolitan 
Museum.  New  >'ork. 


GRr.r.K  IXSl  KII'T/0\S  l\  O.Vr./A7()  MlShlW.       4-!  I 

HNG  :  Professor  R.  D.  Wilson  of  tlie  Princeton  Theological 
Seminary  writes  me  that  this  word  (HNH,  in  the  Metropoli- 
tan inscription  just  referred  to)  is  a  corruption  of  GINC 
(  =  Abbild,  Gestalt,  in  Steindorff,  Kopt.  ("irani.,  p.  (tH*.  s.  v.), 
which  is  probably  identical  with  INI  of  Deut.  IV,  32  (  =Hebr. 
'P?  and  LXX.  yAnrToi-)    and   connected    with   the    Egyptian 

fj\    —   'in.     The    word    occurs    nowhere   in    Crum.   op.   cit. 

Ordinarily  the  Coptic  uses  one  or  other  of  the  Greek  loan- 
words CTHAH  and  MNHMGION,  if  the  word  for  monument 
is  required  at  all. 

MTieTPOV  :  M  =  N.  the  particle  uniting  the  nonieii  rectum 
and  the  nomen  regens  (Steindorff.  oj).  cit.,  pp.  21.  70).  The 
genitive  idea  involved  here  accounts  for  the  employment  of 
the  Greek  genitive  ending  of  TTGTPOV.  This  name  is  noted 
also  in  Crum,  op.  cit.,  8670. 

eTOVAAB:  =eT-|-OVAAB,i.e..  the  relative  particle  (Stein- 
dorff, op.  cit.,  p.  203)  plus  the  participle  of  the  infinitive 
OVOTT,  "rein,  heilig  werden  "  (pp.  93;  83*).  The  expression 
is  counted  only  three  times  ii.  Crum's  Coptic  Mon. ;  Eli  6161 
o  /3o>  -V  CO*IA  TMONOXH  TTTAPGeNOC  CTOVAAB 
'AMHN  (^8651);  also  8492;  8578;  and  once  in  an  unpublished 
inscription  (No.  lo.  176.  ^7)  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum, 
New  York. 

The  entire  Coptic  phrase  signifies  :  The  stele  of  Peter  who 
is  pure  (i.  e.,  probably,  celibate). 

"The  cross  fleury  is  the  earliest  variation  of  the  cross.  It 
appears  on  coins  of  the  Emperor  Justinian"  (Seymour,  op. 
cit.,  p.  367).  The  full-blown  petals  at  the  ends  of  the  bar  and 
of  the  pale  symbolize  the  mature  Christian  life.  The  budding 
and  the  unfolded  leaves  tell  much  the  same  story,  but  empha- 
size the  progress  towards  this  maturity  rather  than  the  attain- 
ment itself.  This  inscription  bearing  as  it  does  this  type  of 
cross  cannot  well  be  older  than  the  middle  of  the  sixth  century. 

VII.  Iron  knife  from  the  Fayum.  Blade  and  handle-band 
of  one  piece  0.275  "!•  long;  blade  alone  c.  0.067  ^-  wide.  The 
meal  is  badly  rusted.  Cylindrical  handle  of  wood  0.121  m. 
long ;  c.  0.056  m.  in  diameter.  Around  the  handle  are  scored 
a  number  of  parallel  rings.     The  name  -I-  ATG  is  incised  on  the 


422 


AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 


left  side  of  the  blade.  No  similarly  inscribed  knife  is  listed 
by  Milne  (op.  cit..  pp.  105  f¥.)  among  the  many  Egyptian 
domestic  objects  preserved  in  the  Museum  of  Cairo. 

♦aT«:  A  Greek-Coptic  name  found  in  a  few  late  documents ; 
e.  g.,  Cat.  of  Gr.  Pap.  in  the  Brit.  Mus.,  IV  (  =  Aphrodito 
Pap.),  1460,  loi;  1553,  verso  25;  Crum.  op.  cit.,  8212;  8268; 
8270;  8276. 

A  common  variant  is  *dTe,  as  Aphrod.  Pap..  X419,  197,  1274; 
1457,  1 1-  ♦oT  and  *or  appear  as  abbreviations  (ib.,  1491  d; 
1460,  176).  IfoTi  (Reich.  Dem.  umi  gr.  Texte  auf  Mumien- 
tafelchen  in  d.  Samml.  d.  Pap.  Erzherzog  P  iner,  Gr.  4).  and 
♦arv*  (Lefebvre,  op.  cit,  266)  seem  to  be  a  Demotic  and  a 
Hellenized  variant  respectively. 

VIII.  Votive  inscription  of  the  type  of  rpoaKvvrjua,  or  suppli- 
cation, on  a  layer  of  a  crystal  of  gypsum.  From  Egypt,  exact 
provenience  unknown.  Originally  a  rectangle,  but  now  an 
irregular  quadrilateral  figure  owing  to  the  loss  of  a  portion  of 
the  top  and  of  one  side.  Perpendicular  height,  0.061  m.; 
width,  0.59  m. ;  thickness,  0.003  m.  Inasmuch  as  the  crystal 
is  snow-white  and  as  the  letters  are  lightly  incised,  the  result- 
ing lack  of  contrast  makes  the  inscription  unusually  hard  to 
read.  The  two  surfaces  are  written  upon,  but  each  by  a 
different  hand  and  in  the  free  cursive  style  of  the  first  cen- 
tury A.  D. 

A 

Only  one  line,  or,  at  the  most,  two  lines,  have  been  lost  at 
the  top,  and  only  several  letters  at  the  right. 

[to  TrpoaKvVTfiia^ 
[imip  avTov  Kal] 
I.      [ttjs  yiiv]atK[o« 

Kal   TUV  ^(A|<>[|' 

Hov  Kal  'Apvio 
;  Tov.     yiypa<f>[a 
5'      I  Tavra 

■ — i  N{'piUI'|o«   TOV 

Kvpiov  Mt\x(lp  or  MiiTop' 
^      fi[-i)v6^  .  .  . 

For  the  best  examples  of  this  type  of  inscription  beginning 
with  the  words  v6  irpoa»ti5i^^.  see  CIG,  III,  4985  ff.,  passim. 


GREEK  l\SCR'PTIO\S  IS'  OXT.UilO  MUSEUM.       4^.^ 


Cf.  Bull,  de  corn  hell.,  XXVI  (1902),  pp.  442-3.  Nos.  2.  y 
To  know  tiic  name  of  the  deity  in  who.se  shrine  this  crystal 
and  No.  IX  were  picked  up  would  materially  assist  in  the 
restoration  of  the  text. 

[at'Tov]  :   =  ifiavrov,  as  often  in  this  department 
'kpvwTov:    ='ApvmTov.     Spiegelberg,   Aeg.   uud  ^r.    Kigenn. 
aus  Mumienetiketten.  p.  6*.  states  that  the  name  means  "  Horus 
ist  gesund";  cf.  Fox.  op.  cit.,  p.  446.     The  rough  breathing 
was  written  here  as  \ 

yiypa<f>a:    So    in    CIG.   333.   4742;    often   iypatpa,   inoijaa,   nt- 
L  :    =  eTois. 

Trans.:  Supplication  in  behalf  of  myself  and  of  my  wife 
and  of  my  friends  and  of  Haryotes.  I  have  written  this  in  tlic 
tenth  year  of  our  Lord  Nero,  in  the  month  Mecheir  (or 
Mesore) (  —  Jan.-Feb.  or  July-.\ug.,  64  .\.  a). 

B 

One  or  two  lines  are  missing  at  the  beginning  and  a  few 
syllables  at  the  left  side.    The  right  is  practically  intact. 

[to   ■/rpoiTKVl'rjfia^ 
I.  |o[  KOt| 

Tov  vlov  a[v 

T0]ii    Koi    TWl' 

ai'JTOv   iralTdi 
1 
5.      r.    L  i|^  Ntpwfos- 

TOv]     Kl'pioV, 

5:  The  stroke  above  the  figure  (i  is  plainly  continued  un- 
broken from  the  lelt.  This  naturally  prompts  one  to  supply 
another  figure.  As  A  was  inscribed  in  the  tenth  year  of  Nero, 
the  interval  between  the  two  compositions  on  the  one  object 
would  be  too  long  were  any  other  figure  than  t  supplied. 

Trans. :  Supplication  of  (or,  in  behalf  of) and  of 

his  son  and  of  all  his  household.  Year  twelve  of  our  Lord 
Nero.  I'achon  14  (  =  May  <),  (i(i  \.  ' . ). 


4M  AMERICAN  JOURNAL  OF  PHILOLOGY. 

IX.  Similar  to  No.  VIII.  A  parallelogra,  ,;  perpendicular 
height,  0.057  ux.  ■  width,  0.045  m. ;  thickness,  c.  0.002  m.  The 
writing  IS  of  the  same  type  and  period  as  that  on  No.  VIII 
but  IS  rnuch  fainter  and  more  poorly  executed.  Not  more 
than  a  dozen  letters  can  be  deciphered  with  certainty.  Any 
restoration,  therefore,  must  be  regarded  as  tentative.  The  in- 
fhotrnTM^'vr!?  \'°"^''"  '"^  "'o^- '^oniplex  formula  than 

:;r  cia  Tj't '''  ^^^"^^^"'" ''''-'-'  '^-^  ^^ 

I  TO  irpoaKvvtjua  praenoniinis  | 
I-  ]A(oi'  \oviro[ 

|jrfa]pa    T,y(i)    Kvpi[a(i) 

Inomini  deae  vwip  rirs  yv]v\aiK]o<,  ««; 

">    ftlJyoT/BOS    Kal     T^\v 
5.         <^tA<0»'    TToVJtu)!'    flOV     \Ka.l 

^]r)ixrfTpi[ov  .    L   .   .    I 
NcV>b>]i<o«   Tov  Kv\piov. 

i^   [na]x\,l,v,  or   Mt\x[dp. 

|A.„.,  Ao..„|  :  Probably  a  nomen  and  a  cognomen  like  (  or- 
nelius  Lupus  m  the  genitive. 

-"/■a:   Cf.  CIG.  111,4839;   4897;  4yo2. 

/^or:  Cf.  CIG.  Ill,  4996. 

-/:  The  letter  read  here  as  k  resembles  A  on  the  crystal 

or  as  a  year  of  Nero's  reign.  We  assume  that  the  number  of 
the  year  preceded  the  emperor's  name  as  on  both  faces  of  No 
VI  1.  The  year  in  this  case  can  hardly  be  far  from  the  tenth 
and  twelfth  of  Nero's  reign. 


WesTMN     iNIVtllslTY.    I.„.> 


.\uos,  Canada. 


W.  ."^iiKkWdon  l'"()\. 


